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Swim Tests: When Schools Stop Teaching Students to Swim, Everyone Loses

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Swim Tests: When Schools Stop Teaching Students to Swim, Everyone Loses

For more than a century, the ability to swim was once considered a basic life skill—something schools believed was essential for producing healthy, capable adults. Today, that expectation is quietly disappearing. Across the United States, both K–12 schools and universities have steadily removed physical education requirements, including swimming competency tests that were once common prerequisites for graduation.

The trend may seem minor on the surface, but it raises a serious question: Are we doing students a disservice by lowering the bar on physical education and life-saving skills?

At a time when obesity rates are climbing and drowning remains one of the leading causes of accidental death among children, the erosion of swim education requirements deserves closer scrutiny.

A Tradition That Once Defined American Education

Swimming competency tests were once a fixture on college campuses. As early as 1905, Cornell University introduced a graduation requirement that students demonstrate the ability to swim. Princeton followed in 1911 with one of the most demanding standards in the country, requiring students to swim 220 yards.

By 1913, the New York Times observed that “there is scarcely a college which does not prescribe a course in physical education and make swimming an essential part of the course.”

The logic was straightforward. Swimming is not just a sport—it’s a survival skill.

Frank Barton, an army officer and professor who helped push Cornell’s original requirement, famously argued that a soldier who could not swim was “dead weight to his unit.” The sentiment reflected a broader belief at the time that physical competence was a fundamental part of education.

Students were expected to leave school not only intellectually prepared, but physically capable.

Over the decades, however, that philosophy began to fade.

The Slow Disappearance of Swim Requirements

By the late twentieth century, many schools had already begun phasing out swimming requirements. A 1977 survey conducted by researchers at Temple University found that 42 percent of four-year universities still required students to pass a swim test before graduating. By 1997, a follow-up study at North Carolina State University found that number had dropped to just five percent.

Today, only a handful of universities still maintain such standards.

The latest example of the shift came from Dartmouth College. Since the early 1900s, Dartmouth required students to swim 50 yards before receiving their diploma. But in 2022, faculty voted to eliminate the test, meaning that for the first time in more than a century, graduates may leave the Ivy League institution without demonstrating basic swimming ability.

Dartmouth is not alone. Williams College removed its swim requirement in 2022. Hamilton College followed in 2023. Washington and Lee eliminated theirs in 2024.

These schools cited a variety of reasons—administrative challenges, cultural concerns, and disparities in swimming ability among students. But regardless of the rationale, the outcome remains the same: a long-standing expectation of physical competency has quietly vanished.

The Racial Gap in Swimming Ability

One of the most prominent arguments behind the removal of swim tests centers on racial disparities in swimming ability.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Black children between the ages of five and fourteen are more than five times as likely to drown in a swimming pool as their white counterparts. Surveys have also found that Black adults are more than five times as likely to report that they cannot swim.

These statistics have made many universities uncomfortable maintaining swim requirements.

At Williams College, administrators noted that between 2013 and 2019, 81 percent of students who failed the school’s swim test were students of color. A university committee ultimately deemed the requirement “problematic” due to its disparate impact, leading faculty to eliminate the test.

Dartmouth offered similar reasoning when it scrapped its requirement, noting that students who failed the exam were “overwhelmingly students of colour.”

But some educators argue that eliminating swim requirements addresses the symptom rather than the problem.

Cornell University took a different approach. In 2024, a faculty committee voted to maintain the school’s swim competency requirement. In its resolution, the committee acknowledged the racial disparities but argued that the requirement should remain precisely because of them.

“By providing formal swimming instruction,” the committee concluded, “Cornell is doing its small part to help right the wrongs of US history and close the racial gap in accidental drowning in this country.”

It is a compelling argument. If the goal is to close the gap in swimming ability, removing the requirement may accomplish the opposite.

The Decline of Physical Education

The erosion of swim tests is part of a much larger shift in education.

Across the United States, physical education requirements have steadily weakened over the past several decades. Many high schools now allow students to satisfy PE requirements through alternative coursework, independent study, or waivers.

In some cases, students are able to opt out of physical education entirely with a doctor’s note.

On paper, medical exemptions exist to protect students with legitimate health concerns. In practice, however, the system is frequently exploited.

Students routinely obtain exemptions for vague or difficult-to-verify conditions such as chronic fatigue, anxiety disorders, migraines, exercise-induced headaches, stress-related conditions, or minor musculoskeletal discomfort. Some simply claim lingering injuries or temporary medical issues that conveniently last the duration of the semester.

In other cases, parents lobby school administrators to waive PE requirements entirely in order to prioritize academic coursework or extracurricular activities.

Over time, these exemptions accumulate into a culture where participation in physical education becomes optional rather than expected.

And when expectations disappear, participation follows.

The Obesity Crisis

The timing of this shift could not be worse.

Obesity rates in the United States have risen dramatically over the past several decades. According to federal health data, more than 41% percent of American adults are now classified as obese, and childhood obesity continues to rise as well.

Sedentary lifestyles, increased screen time, and reduced physical activity are widely cited as contributing factors.

Schools once played a central role in counteracting these trends by ensuring that every student engaged in some form of structured physical activity. Physical education classes, team sports, and swim programs helped build lifelong habits of exercise and physical literacy.

As those programs shrink or disappear, many students lose one of their only guaranteed opportunities for physical activity.

Swimming, in particular, offers unique health benefits. It provides a full-body cardiovascular workout while placing minimal stress on joints, making it one of the most accessible forms of exercise available. It also builds endurance, muscle strength, and coordination.

Perhaps most importantly, it teaches a life-saving skill.

The Safety Argument

Drowning remains a serious public health issue in the United States. For children ages one through four, drowning is one of the leading causes of accidental death.

Even among older children and teenagers, swimming ability—or lack thereof—can mean the difference between life and death.

This is one reason why many advocates argue that schools should be expanding swim education rather than eliminating it.

Teaching children to swim does more than improve physical fitness. It reduces drowning risk, builds confidence in aquatic environments, and prepares individuals for a wide range of recreational and occupational activities.

When schools remove swim requirements without replacing them with accessible instruction, they risk widening the very disparities they claim to address.

What California Requires

At the K–12 level, physical education requirements vary by state. In California, the Department of Education mandates physical education instruction as part of the curriculum, but swimming itself is not a required component.

Districts have flexibility in determining how PE standards are met, meaning swim education is often dependent on whether a school has access to a pool and the resources to run aquatic programs.

As budgets tighten and facilities age, many districts have chosen to eliminate swimming programs altogether.

The result is that fewer students graduate with basic aquatic skills than in previous generations.

Lowering the Bar

Supporters of removing swim requirements often frame the issue as a matter of fairness or practicality. Administering swim tests can be logistically challenging, especially for schools without adequate facilities.

But critics argue that the solution should not be to lower expectations.

Education has always required students to meet certain standards—whether in reading, mathematics, or science. Few would suggest eliminating literacy requirements simply because some students struggle to read.

Instead, schools invest resources in helping students achieve the standard.

The same logic could apply to swimming.

Rather than eliminating swim tests, schools could expand swim instruction, partner with community pools, or incorporate water safety education into physical education programs.

Such efforts would not only improve health outcomes but also address the disparities in swimming ability that universities now cite as justification for removing requirements.

What We Risk Losing

The disappearance of swim requirements may seem like a small change in the broader landscape of education. But it reflects a larger shift in how schools define their role in preparing students for adulthood.

If education is meant to develop well-rounded individuals, physical competence should remain part of the equation.

Reading, writing, and scientific literacy are essential skills—but so are the abilities that allow individuals to care for their own health and safety.

Knowing how to swim is one of those skills.

When schools stop requiring it, they send a subtle message that physical capability no longer matters.

In a country already struggling with rising obesity, declining physical activity, and persistent drowning risks, that message may come at a cost.

Instead of abandoning swim education, schools should be asking a different question: How can we ensure that every student graduates not only educated—but capable of staying afloat?

4.9/5 - (46 votes)

Joe Trusty

Editor in Chief of Pool Magazine - Joe Trusty is also CEO of PoolMarketing.com, the leading digital agency for the pool industry. An internet entrepreneur, software developer, author, and marketing professional with a long history in the pool industry. Joe oversees the writing and creative staff at Pool Magazine.

To contact Joe Trusty email [email protected] or call (916) 467-9118 during normal business hours. For submissions, please send your message to [email protected]

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Landmark Aquatic Earns Three 2026 PHTA Awards of Excellence

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Landmark Aquatic 2026 PHTA International Awards of Excellence Silver and Merit award graphic

Landmark Aquatic is pleased to announce that three of its aquatic facility projects received 2026 PHTA Awards of Excellence from the Pool & Hot Tub Alliance (PHTA), one of the pool and spa industry’s premier design competitions.

PHTA is the trade association representing the swimming pool, hot tub, and spa industry. Its annual International Awards of Excellence is one of the industry’s largest and most respected design competitions, recognizing the most creative and innovative pools, spas, hot tubs, and water features built each year. Hundreds of entries are submitted annually by professionals across the U.S. and around the world.

“PHTA is proud to recognize our members for their craftsmanship, inspired design, and dedication to elevating the industry,” said Sabeena Hickman, CAE, President and CEO of PHTA.

“These awards reflect what it takes to design, build, operate, and maintain a truly successful aquatic facility,” said J. Ryan Casserly, Chief Executive Officer of Landmark Aquatic. “That level of commitment shows up in the work of everyone on our team, and we’re proud to keep investing in serving our customers and the communities who enjoy these facilities.”

About Landmark
Landmark Aquatic is a nationwide provider of commercial aquatic facility design, construction, and maintenance services, with more than six decades of industry experience. Landmark supports clients across most of the U.S. through construction-led solutions and its AquatiCare maintenance program — delivering excellence “for the life of your pool” and building long-term partnerships through exceptional service and forward-thinking solutions. Learn more at www.landmarkaquatic.com

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Amazon Drone Drops Package Into Swimming Pool — And It’s Not the First Mishap

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Amazon Drone Drops Package Into Swimming Pool — And It’s Not the First Mishap

Drone delivery may be the future of getting everyday purchases to your doorstep, but apparently Amazon still has a few kinks to work out — particularly when swimming pools are involved.

A video making the rounds on social media this week shows what should have been a routine Amazon drone delivery going very wrong. Instead of safely depositing the customer’s order on dry ground, the package winds up in the backyard swimming pool.

The incident is funny enough when viewed through the lens of an unexpected pool delivery. But it also highlights a very real challenge Amazon faces as it prepares to dramatically expand its Prime Air drone delivery program across the United States.

And remarkably, this isn’t the first time an Amazon drone has put a customer’s package in the pool.

Amazon Has Already Made This Mistake Before

In July 2025, Arizona resident Daniel Muniz decided to try Prime Air after seeing drone delivery available for his order in Avondale.

The delivery was captured on video.

Amazon’s drone successfully reached the property and released the shoebox-sized package over the designated area. There was just one problem: the downward force generated by the drone’s propellers pushed the package several feet across the yard and directly into Muniz’s swimming pool.

Fortunately, the contents weren’t particularly vulnerable to water. Muniz had ordered vitamins.

The incident was especially notable because Amazon’s delivery system is designed to identify suitable drop locations around a customer’s property. Amazon explains that its mapping technology identifies “delivery zones” free of obstacles and establishes appropriate delivery points within those areas.

The company even specifically acknowledges swimming pools as something the technology needs to recognize.

According to Amazon, a swimming pool can appear to be a flat surface in satellite imagery despite obviously being an unsuitable location for a package delivery. Once the drone reaches the designated location, the aircraft descends to approximately 13 feet above the ground, checks that the area is clear and releases the package.

In the Avondale incident, the package wasn’t intentionally dropped into the water. It initially landed on dry ground before the drone’s prop wash sent it into the pool.

Amazon apologized to the customer at the time, characterizing incidents like it as rare.

A year later, however, another swimming pool has clearly managed to intercept an Amazon delivery.

Pools Aren’t the Only Problem

Swimming pools haven’t been the only unexpected destinations for Amazon’s drones.

In another widely reported incident, an Amazon delivery drone came down in a residential garden after experiencing problems during operation. Other incidents have been considerably more serious than a wet package.

In February 2026, an Amazon Prime Air drone struck the exterior of an apartment complex in Richardson, Texas, before the damaged aircraft fell to the ground.

Amazon’s drone program has also faced scrutiny following collisions involving infrastructure. These episodes underscore the complexity of operating autonomous aircraft at scale in residential environments where drones must contend with buildings, trees, utility infrastructure, changing weather conditions and other obstacles.

Amazon says its latest MK30 drones use a sophisticated perception and “Detect-and-Avoid” system designed to identify obstacles and make navigation decisions autonomously.

That technology is going to become increasingly important because Amazon isn’t backing away from drone delivery.

It’s doing the opposite.

Amazon Plans a Massive Drone Delivery Expansion

Amazon announced this week that it intends to expand Prime Air to nearly 500 U.S. cities and towns by the end of 2026, a dramatic increase from the 11 locations where the service currently operates. New markets are expected to include areas around Chicago, Atlanta, Cleveland, Syracuse and Boise.

The company says each Prime Air location can serve communities within roughly a 7.5-mile radius. Its MK30 drones can transport eligible packages weighing up to five pounds, with Amazon targeting delivery times of roughly an hour or less.

Amazon has already completed hundreds of thousands of drone deliveries this year, according to Prime Air Vice President David Carbon.

The long-term ambitions are considerably larger.

Amazon CEO Andy Jassy has said the company believes drone delivery could eventually reach 30 million customers and handle as many as half a billion packages annually by 2030.

The appeal isn’t difficult to understand.

For small, lightweight purchases, a drone potentially eliminates much of the traditional last-mile delivery process. Instead of waiting for a delivery van to work its way through dozens or hundreds of stops, an individual aircraft can carry an order directly from a nearby fulfillment facility to a customer’s home.

Need sunscreen before heading outside? Batteries for a poolside speaker? A replacement part or bottle of test strips?

Amazon envisions those types of purchases arriving from the sky in less time than it might take someone to drive to a store and back.

The company says more than 60,000 products are already eligible for drone delivery in supported markets, ranging from household necessities to electronics.

That’s a compelling vision of where residential delivery could be headed.

The technology just needs to become consistently boring.

Right now, the occasional drone crash, unexpected landing or package taking a swim makes for an entertaining viral video. As Amazon expands Prime Air from a relatively limited program into hundreds of communities, however, the margin for these mistakes becomes increasingly important.

Delivering a bottle of vitamins into someone’s swimming pool is inconvenient and a little funny.

Doing the same thing with a smartphone probably isn’t.

Judging by the occasional package ending up at the bottom of a swimming pool, there are still a few bugs left to work out first.

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New FCC Robotics Rules Could Affect Future Robotic Pool Cleaners

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New FCC Robotics Rules Could Affect Future Robotic Pool Cleaners

A recent Federal Communications Commission action could create new compliance questions for the next generation of connected robotic pool cleaners entering the U.S. market.

On July 28, 2026, the FCC added two equipment categories to its Covered List: foreign-produced advanced robotic devices and foreign-produced power inverters. The move means certain new products in those categories may no longer receive the FCC equipment authorization required for U.S. sale unless they qualify for a Conditional Approval process.

For the pool and spa industry, the practical message is not that robotic cleaners are being banned. Existing products are not suddenly illegal, and consumers do not need to remove their current cleaner from the pool.

The more relevant question is whether some future robotic pool-cleaner models—particularly connected, sensor-equipped, app-controlled products manufactured outside the United States—could meet the FCC’s definition of an “advanced robotic device.”

That answer will likely depend on the details of each product.

What the FCC Actually Changed

The FCC’s Covered List identifies communications equipment and services that federal authorities have determined present unacceptable national-security risks.

The agency’s July 28 action applies on a prospective basis. It affects whether newly covered equipment can receive an FCC authorization after the effective date. A product that already received the appropriate authorization before the update can generally continue to be imported, marketed, sold, and used in the United States, according to the FCC’s robotics and inverter FAQ.

That distinction matters for pool professionals, distributors, retailers, and pool owners:

  • Existing authorized robotic cleaners are not automatically prohibited.
  • Current owners do not need to stop using their equipment.
  • Inventory of already authorized models is not automatically removed from sale.
  • The principal concern is the authorization path for future covered models.

The FCC provides a Conditional Approval process for certain foreign-produced advanced robotic devices. As legal analyses from Sidley and Morgan Lewis explain, that process may require substantial disclosure regarding ownership, manufacturing, components, software, cybersecurity, supply chains, and plans to establish or expand qualifying U.S. manufacturing.

Learn more about how FCC actions could create compliance questions for robotic pool cleaners

Why Pool Cleaners Are Worth Watching

Neither the FCC’s announcement nor the legal analyses reviewed specifically names robotic pool cleaners as a covered category. They do, however, describe a broad class of connected, mobile robots that can include products such as robot vacuums and robotic lawn equipment.

Some sophisticated pool-cleaning robots may share characteristics that regulators are examining:

  • Self-propelled movement and autonomous navigation
  • Sensors used for navigation, obstacle detection, route planning, or environmental awareness
  • Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, or other network connectivity
  • Mobile-app control and cloud-connected functions
  • Local or remote software that controls movement, perception, data collection, or updates
  • Increasing use of mapping, advanced sensing, and automated decision-making

That does not mean every robotic pool cleaner falls under the new rule. In fact, many may not.

The FCC definition is technical and depends on a combination of features—not simply whether a product is marketed as a “robot.” A cleaner’s weight, mobility, sensor configuration, wireless capabilities, software functions, manufacturing origin, and certification status could all matter. The agency’s own Frequently Asked Questions on the Covered List update should be the starting point for manufacturers evaluating the issue.

A basic, offline cleaner with limited sensing and no meaningful communications capability may raise a different compliance question than a connected model that maps its environment, operates through an app, receives over-the-air updates, and integrates with cloud services.

Not Every Foreign-Made Cleaner Is Automatically Blocked

The phrase “foreign-produced” is broader and more technical than many readers may assume.

The rule is not limited to products from a particular country. It can apply to products made outside the United States, including those manufactured in China, Europe, or elsewhere, if they do not qualify as a domestic end product under the applicable federal standard. Global law firm Sidley’s most recent analysis outlines the relationship between the FCC’s rule and the Buy American Act standard.

At the same time, a foreign-made robotic pool cleaner is not automatically barred from the U.S. market merely because it is made abroad.

For the FCC restriction to matter, the product must first fit the definition of an advanced robotic device and require a new equipment authorization. If it does, the manufacturer may need to pursue Conditional Approval or adjust its manufacturing and sourcing approach.

A qualifying domestic-end-product robot is outside this specific Covered List entry, although it may still need to meet the FCC’s ordinary equipment authorization requirements.

Why the Government Is Looking at Connected Robots

The policy reflects a broader federal concern about connected devices that can sense, collect, store, transmit, or respond to information.

Modern robotic devices can include cameras, environmental sensors, radios, processors, onboard storage, mapping functions, remote-control capability, cloud integration, and software-update systems. The government’s stated concern is not simply that a robot can move. It is the combination of physical mobility, connectivity, software control, and potential access to information or networks, as detailed in the FCC’s Covered List guidance and legal analyses by Morgan Lewis.

For most pool owners, a robotic cleaner remains a practical appliance designed to scrub surfaces, collect debris, and reduce manual maintenance. But as the category evolves, some units are becoming more like connected autonomous devices than traditional pool equipment.

That shift is what makes the FCC development relevant to manufacturers and importers.

What Pool Professionals Should Watch

There is no immediate reason for pool companies to change their recommendations, remove existing cleaners from pools, or tell customers that current equipment has become unlawful.

Instead, the industry should monitor how the FCC’s definition is applied to specific robotic pool-cleaner products.

Manufacturers, distributors, and importers should be asking:

  • Does a new model meet each element of the FCC’s advanced-robotic-device definition?
  • Does the cleaner require a new FCC authorization?
  • Has the model—or a substantially similar predecessor—already received authorization?
  • Where is the product manufactured, and does it qualify as a domestic end product?
  • Does the unit have sensors, wireless connectivity, and software functions that may bring it within the rule?
  • Is Conditional Approval necessary before a new model can enter the U.S. market?

The near-term impact on retail shelves may be limited because previously authorized products can generally remain available. The longer-term effects, however, could be more significant if popular manufacturers must redesign products, change supply chains, delay launches, pursue Conditional Approval, or add U.S. manufacturing capacity to preserve market access.

A Regulatory Development to Watch

The FCC action does not amount to a ban on robotic pool cleaners. It is better understood as a new regulatory hurdle that may apply to certain future, foreign-produced, connected robotic cleaners.

The pool industry has embraced cordless operation, mobile apps, automation, advanced navigation, and increasingly capable onboard software. Those same features could place some future products closer to the line drawn by the FCC.

For manufacturers and importers, the issue is now part of product planning and compliance. For pool professionals and consumers, it is a development to watch—not a reason to panic or pull a functioning cleaner out of the water.

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