Safety
A Layered Approach That Saves Lives: The Pyramid of Pool Safety
Drowning remains the leading cause of accidental death for children ages one to four in the United States—a tragic reality that is often preventable. As May marks National Water Safety Month, there’s no better time to spotlight the steps parents, guardians, and pool owners can take to protect children during swim season. Dr. Adam Katchmarchi, a nationally recognized expert in drowning prevention and water safety, joined Pool Magazine Podcast to offer practical, potentially life-saving advice.
Why Pool Safety Month Matters
“May is really the kickoff to the summer swim season,” said Katchmarchi. “It’s when many backyard pools start opening, and public recreation facilities and waterparks begin operations. It’s the perfect time to remind families to put water safety front and center.”
The idea isn’t to overcomplicate things. In fact, Katchmarchi emphasized that most drowning prevention measures are simple and actionable. “This isn’t complicated information. These are easy steps people can take to keep their families safer.”
Understanding When and Where Drowning Happens
One of the most alarming statistics Katchmarchi shared is that 70% of toddler drownings happen during non-swim times. “We tend to think drowning only occurs when kids are in the water with us,” he explained. “But for young children, it often happens when they wander off and find a water feature unsupervised.”
Whether it’s a backyard pool, decorative pond, or even a creek nearby, unsupervised access to water is a major hazard. That’s why having proper barriers and safety fencing is so critical. “Any water feature is attractive to a curious child. Without barriers, it becomes an invitation to tragedy.”

The Risk of Overconfidence
Even parents of older children need to be cautious. According to Katchmarchi, many parents overestimate their child’s swimming ability. “Research shows parents are not always the best judges of how skilled their child is in the water. That’s why revisiting swim lessons periodically is so important.”
He also cautioned against assuming that swimming skills learned in a backyard pool automatically transfer to natural bodies of water like lakes or rivers. “Currents, cold temperatures, and the absence of quick help in those environments introduce new risks,” he said. “The pool is the best place to build foundational water competency.”
Drowning Can Happen Fast—and Silently
“Most parents expect that their child would call out for help if they were in trouble, but that’s not always the case,” said Katchmarchi. “Drowning is often silent. Children can slip under the water in seconds.”
He emphasized the need for active, focused supervision and debunked the idea that a gathering of adults inherently means someone is watching the pool. “When everyone is watching, no one is watching. That’s why designating a Water Watcher is so effective.”
Organizations like the National Drowning Prevention Alliance and the Pool Safely campaign provide free Water Watcher cards that can be worn as a reminder of responsibility. “That small token can make all the difference.”
Who’s Most at Risk?
Children between ages one and four are at the highest risk of drowning, but Katchmarchi also flagged a sobering reality for children with autism. “Kids with autism are 160 times more likely to drown than their neurotypical peers. Many are drawn to water and prone to elopement.”
The good news? Swim lessons can begin as early as six months of age, and survival skills like back floating and breathing techniques can be taught to toddlers. “We’re not expecting perfect technique,” he said. “We’re teaching them to float, to breathe, to survive.”
The Problem with Assuming Knowing How To Swim is Enough
“Knowing how to swim is one critical layer of protection, but it doesn’t eliminate risk,” said Katchmarchi. He recommends a multi-layered approach that includes supervision, barriers, alarms, water competency, and emergency preparedness.
“We need to think in terms of layers, because supervision can lapse. Even skilled swimmers can panic or become fatigued. It takes a combination of safeguards to create the safest environment possible.”
Safety Starts at Home—Even if You Don’t Have Kids
The rise of pool-sharing platforms means more homeowners are renting out their pools to neighbors and guests. Even if you don’t have children yourself, you still have a responsibility to keep others safe.
“We created a rental safety checklist that applies whether you’re listing on Airbnb or just hosting friends,” said Katchmarchi. “Post your address by the pool, identify your safety equipment, and make sure guests understand your rules.”
He also recommends highlighting any hidden hazards. “Residential pools don’t always have depth markers. Make sure people know how deep the water is. Have a reaching pole or ring buoy and show people how to use them.”

Technology’s Role in Drowning Prevention
“There’s some promising innovation in AI-driven camera systems and smart alarms, but the technology is still evolving,” Katchmarchi noted. “These are high-tech tools, but they’re not a substitute for fences, supervision, and swim skills.”
In commercial settings, AI tools may assist lifeguards in identifying distress, but he warned about relying too heavily on them. “The psychology of lifeguards could change if they feel secondary to a machine. We need to train people to use these systems as supplements, not replacements.”
For residential use, many of these devices serve as smart alarms. “They can notify you that a child has entered the water, but what if you’re not home? These are great enhancements, but they’re just one part of a broader safety net.”
What Every Pool Owner Should Be Doing
One of the most overlooked pool safety risks? Not setting clear rules. “I hate to sound like the party police,” said Katchmarchi, “but people need to communicate what’s okay and what’s not. No breath-holding contests. No diving into shallow water.”
He explained that many backyard pools aren’t deep enough for diving, and even those who know how to dive safely can inadvertently influence others. “You may know how to enter the water, but does your younger cousin? Pool safety isn’t just about your skill—it’s about modeling behavior.”
The Pyramid of Pool Safety
Katchmarchi praised Pool Magazine’s Pyramid of Pool Safety infographic, which outlines layers of protection in a clear and accessible way. “We talk about layers in all types of accident prevention because we can’t rely on just one thing to work every time.”
Pool Magazine’s “Pyramid of Swimming Pool Safety” infographic lays out a tiered approach that highlights the most effective strategies for preventing drowning. Each level builds on the one below it—stacking layers of protection to reduce risk:

- Safety Devices: The foundation of the pyramid includes life-saving tools like life rings, life jackets, reaching poles, drain covers, and alarms. These devices have been statistically shown to help lower drowning fatalities when used properly.
- Fences & Covers: Isolation fencing and safety covers play a huge role in reducing risk. Pools with four-sided isolation fencing and ASTM-certified covers see up to an 83% reduction in childhood drownings compared to pools without these barriers.
- Swim Lessons: Swimming competency is a major safeguard. Participation in swim lessons has been shown to reduce drowning risk by up to 88% among children aged 1 to 4. Teaching floating, safe entry/exit, and survival strokes saves lives.
- Supervision: At the top of the pyramid is vigilant adult supervision—the most important layer. A lapse in supervision is the single leading cause of drowning fatalities among young children in swimming pools. Always designate a responsible Water Watcher and ensure someone nearby knows CPR and basic rescue techniques
The One Thing You Can Do Today
If there’s one takeaway that Katchmarchi urges every parent or pool owner to act on today, it’s this: Get your kids signed up for swim lessons.
“It’s the most effective, proven thing you can do to reduce drowning risk.”
Final Thoughts
National Pool Safety Month is more than a calendar event—it’s a call to action. Whether you’re a parent, grandparent, pool owner, or professional, the steps you take now can save lives later.
“We want families to enjoy their summer and make amazing memories in and around the water,” said Katchmarchi. “But we want those memories to be safe ones.”
For more resources on drowning prevention, including free tools like Water Watcher cards and rental safety checklists, visit organizations like the National Drowning Prevention Alliance, Pool Safely, and the PHTA. In addition, feel free to download our Pyramid of Pool Safety infographic.
Because when it comes to pool safety, a few small changes can make all the difference.
Ready to take a deeper dive?
Listen to our entire conversation with Dr. Adam Katchmarchi on the Pool Magazine Podcast.
Safety
Pool Barrier Safety: The Small Details That Matter Most
May is National Water Safety Month, and while many of the conversations surrounding pool safety tend to focus on supervision, swim lessons, and drowning prevention education, one of the most important physical layers of protection around a swimming pool is often overlooked entirely — the barrier system itself.
For many homeowners, a pool fence is treated as little more than a code requirement or decorative backyard feature. But according to Jeremy Brongo, owner of Florida State Fence, the details surrounding a properly designed and maintained pool barrier can make a tremendous difference when seconds matter most.
“One of the things that a fence can do is prolong the time that it takes for a child to get close to a pool,” said Brongo. “So it’s just an added layer of protection that doesn’t allow the children to accidentally fall into the pool.”
That idea — buying precious time — sits at the heart of modern pool safety philosophy.

Drowning Prevention Starts With Safety
Drowning remains one of the leading causes of accidental death for young children in the United States, and nowhere is the issue more pronounced than in Florida. According to Florida Department of Health data, the state routinely leads the nation in child drowning fatalities among children ages 1-4. In many cases, the incidents occur in residential swimming pools.
Florida’s year-round swimming weather, combined with the sheer number of residential pools throughout the state, helped push lawmakers to adopt some of the country’s strongest residential pool barrier laws decades ago.
Brongo says the speed at which these incidents occur is something many homeowners fail to fully appreciate until tragedy strikes close to home.
“You always hear families or someone that has dealt with somebody who they know that has drowned in a pool,” said Brongo. “They always say that it happened so quick.”
That reality is one reason why safety experts increasingly stress the importance of layered protection around pools rather than relying on any one single solution.
Barriers, Part of The Pyramid of Pool Safety
The concept of a “Pyramid of Pool Safety,” is an approach heavily promoted throughout the aquatics industry. The idea is simple: no single device or technology is foolproof on its own.
Fences, alarms, supervision, swim lessons, self-closing gates, drain safety systems, and water competency all work together as overlapping layers of protection.
Adam Katchmarchi, Vice President of Educational Development at Pool & Hot Tub Alliance, previously told Pool Magazine that while technology is making advancements in assisting in drowning prevention, “there is no replacement for barriers, supervision, and water competency.”
Brongo echoes that same philosophy from the barrier side of the industry.
“I think just giving that extra layer of protection buys you more time,” he explained. “If a toddler or child gets away from you temporarily, it gives you those few extra precious moments to act and help try to keep children safe .”

Florida Leading The Way By Necessity
One of the biggest misconceptions homeowners have is that any backyard fence automatically satisfies pool safety laws.
In reality, Florida’s Residential Swimming Pool Safety Act contains very specific requirements governing residential barriers and controlled access around pools.
“That law requires residential pools to have at least one approved safety feature designed to restrict or detect unsupervised access,” Brongo explained. “The most common solution is a compliant barrier system around the pool, such as a fence.”
The problem, according to Brongo, is that many homeowners never realize how technical those requirements actually become.
“I think people just assume that if they have a fence, then they’re compliant,” said Brongo. “But the fence actually has a lot of specifications that make it pool compliant.”
Pool barriers in Florida must generally be at least 48 inches tall and designed to discourage climbing. But even something as simple as the placement of a horizontal rail can create a code issue.
“If there’s a horizontal bar in the fence, that will allow a small child to put their foot in there and basically act as a ladder,” Brongo said. “So the spacing between any horizontal members on the fence has to be greater than 45 inches.”

The Gate Is The Most Important Part
While the fence itself matters, Brongo says the gate is often the single most critical component of the entire system.
“I would say the gate’s probably the number one most important part of the fence,” said Brongo. “That’s naturally where people tend to walk and tend to go to access a pool.”
Florida law requires pool gates to be self-closing and self-latching, but Brongo says homeowners often underestimate how important proper operation truly is.
“If the gate for some reason closes but doesn’t fully latch, and the gate’s still accessible or has the ability to get in, that can become an issue,” he explained.
Another requirement many people never realize exists is the direction the gate swings.
“The gate’s required to swing out. The gate cannot swing in,” said Brongo. “A lot of people don’t know this.”
The reasoning behind that rule is surprisingly practical. Young children naturally push forward against barriers. If a gate swings inward and isn’t fully latched, a child leaning into it could accidentally open access directly to the pool.
“If it swings out, if a child walks up, they’re not going to have the ability to reach up to where the handle of the latch should be,” Brongo explained. “And if they lean on the fence, it would typically latch and wouldn’t open.”
The Hidden Problems Homeowners Miss
Some of the biggest safety risks surrounding pool barriers aren’t actually part of the fence itself.
Brongo says his company frequently encounters situations where homeowners unknowingly create climbing hazards around otherwise compliant barriers.
“One of the main ones is if there’s something left near a fence or some type of pool equipment or AC equipment that’s too close to a fence and can be used as an object that someone can climb on,” he said. “That’s just not something that’s thought about very often.”
Furniture, planters, coolers, storage bins, and even landscaping can all unintentionally compromise a barrier system over time.
That same gradual change is why maintenance becomes so important.
“I would say people tend to get complacent and they don’t maintain,” Brongo explained. “The fence may have been installed pool-compliant at one time, but over time, the gate might not be functioning the same way that it was the day it was installed.”
Pool owners should routinely inspect hinges, latches, springs, closures, and surrounding conditions to ensure the barrier is still performing correctly years after installation.
“The gates usually are just an easy adjustment,” said Brongo. “Most of the hinges on our gates are spring-loaded. You can adjust the tension with an Allen wrench. It takes no more than two minutes.”

When To Plan A Pool Barrier
According to Brongo, barrier planning should never be treated as an afterthought.
In Florida, barrier systems are directly tied into the final stages of pool construction and inspection.
“It’s part of the pool safety inspection here in Florida,” said Brongo. “They actually will not allow a homeowner to fill the pool with water until they have the barrier system in place.”
That means pool owners should be discussing fencing, access points, alarms, and overall safety design alongside the original pool layout — not after construction is complete.
For homeowners using the house itself as part of the barrier system, additional protections may also be required.
“Any doors leading directly to the pool area may have to have an alarm or some type of self-closing option,” Brongo explained.
Safety And Backyard Design Can Coexist
One of the reasons some homeowners resist installing pool fencing is the belief that barriers ruin the visual appeal of a backyard.
Brongo says modern fencing options have evolved significantly over the years.
“Fencing’s come a long way,” he said. “There’s so many great options now for pool fences.”
Aluminum fencing remains one of the most popular choices throughout Florida, but today’s homeowners also have access to a wide variety of colors, styles, and designs capable of blending into luxury outdoor environments while still remaining code compliant.
Ultimately, though, aesthetics should never outweigh safety.
“It can happen in a split second, and safety is the number one priority,” Brongo said. “If there’s anything that they can do to help prevent an incident, fencing is obviously one of those items.”
Because when it comes to pool safety, the details most people miss are often the ones that matter most.
Ready to take a deeper dive?
Listen to our entire conversation with Jeremy Brongo on the Pool Magazine podcast.
Photo Credits: Florida State Fence
Safety
PHTA Central Arizona and Step Into Swim Donate $20K to YMCA
(Phoenix, Az.) – The Pool & Hot Tub Alliance (PHTA) Central Arizona Chapter, in partnership with PHTA’s Step Into Swim drowning prevention initiative, presented a $20,000 donation to the Valley of the Sun YMCA during a special event on April 30, 2026, at the YMCA Legacy Foundation Chris-Town.
This generous contribution will directly fund swim lesson programs for children and families throughout the Phoenix community, helping increase access to critical water safety education and drowning prevention resources.
The event brought together members of the Valley of the Sun YMCA, leadership from the PHTA Central Arizona Chapter, and special guest Rowdy Gaines, three-time Olympic gold medalist, who leads the Step Into Swim initiative as PHTA’s Vice President of Partnerships & Development.
“Learning to swim is not just a life skill—it’s a lifesaving skill,” says Scott Bushey, President of the PHTA Central Arizona Chapter. “Through this partnership with Step Into Swim and the YMCA, we are proud to invest in programs that give children the confidence and ability to stay safe in and around water.”
Drowning remains a leading cause of accidental death in Arizona, particularly among young children. Access to swim lessons has been proven to significantly reduce the risk of drowning, making community-based programs like those offered by the YMCA essential.
“Drowning is preventable, and swim lessons save lives,” says Garrett Brolsma, Chief Operating Officer of the Valley of the Sun YMCA. “We’re grateful to the Pool & Hot Tub Alliance Central Arizona Chapter and Step Into Swim for this $20,000 investment, which will help more Phoenix families access lifesaving water safety skills.”
PHTA, the trade association representing the swimming pool, hot tub, and spa industry, formed the Step Into Swim drowning prevention initiative in 2012 and has gifted more than 500,000 swim lessons to children and families across the country and abroad. This collaboration with the local PHTA Central Arizona Chapter highlights a shared commitment to water safety and community impact.
“Step Into Swim receiving support from regional PHTA Chapters has a huge effect on individual communities and helps us focus our funding on the children and families who need it most,” says Gaines. “We are proud to work alongside the PHTA Central Arizona Chapter to help the Valley of the Sun YMCA expand the reach of their lifesaving mission, and we thank the local PHTA members who made this generous donation possible.”
The April 30th event included remarks from community leaders, a ceremonial check presentation, and opportunities to highlight the importance of water safety education as Arizona approaches the peak summer swim season.
To learn more, visit www.stepintoswim.org.
About the Pool & Hot Tub Alliance and Step Into Swim™:
The Pool & Hot Tub Alliance (PHTA), a non-profit organization with 4,000 members from around the world, was established in 1956 to support, promote, and protect the common interests of the $62B pool, hot tub, and spa industry. PHTA provides education, advocacy, standards development, research, and market growth initiatives to increase our members’ professionalism, knowledge, and profitability. Additionally, PHTA promotes the use of pools by expanding swimming, water safety, and related research and outreach activities aimed at introducing more people to swimming, making swimming environments safer, and keeping pools open to serve communities. For more information, visit www.phta.org.
Step Into Swim™ is an initiative of the Pool & Hot Tub Alliance and its foundation committed to safe swim education and drowning prevention. By investing in the next generation of swimmers through learn-to-swim programming, the Step Into Swim initiative instills confidence, empowers long-term participation in water activities, touts the positive benefits of water play, and advocates for safe practices. Since its inception in 2012, Step Into Swim has played a role in reducing drowning fatalities and has gifted swim lessons to more than 500,000 children with support from community organizations, partners, industry advocates, members, and more. For more information, visit www.stepintoswim.org.
About Valley of the Sun YMCA:
The Valley of the Sun YMCA is a leading nonprofit dedicated to strengthening the Phoenix community through youth development, healthy living, and social responsibility. With a strong commitment to water safety, the Y provides accessible swim lessons and drowning prevention education to children and families across the region—regardless of financial circumstance. Through community partnerships and evidence-based programming, the YMCA helps equip individuals with the skills and confidence to be safe in and around water. As Arizona faces one of the highest drowning rates in the nation, the Valley of the Sun YMCA remains focused on expanding access to lifesaving swim education so every child has the opportunity to learn this critical skill.
Press Releases
Celebrate National Water Safety Month This May
An annual awareness campaign to increase access to water safety education ahead of the peak summer swim season
(Overland Park, Ks) – The National Water Safety Month Coalition—comprised of the American Red Cross, the National Drowning Prevention Alliance (NDPA), the Pool & Hot Tub Alliance (PHTA), and the World Waterpark Association (WWA)—invites all stakeholders to participate in the month-long celebration of National Water Safety Month this May. National Water Safety Month is an annual awareness campaign that provides water safety education for children and adults ahead of the peak summer swim season.
National Water Safety Month was first recognized as a week-long campaign in 2003 and has continued to expand its reach over the past 23 years, becoming a month-long celebration in 2007. The National Water Safety Month Coalition works together to share important safety information to a wide range of audiences, from parents and caregivers to aquatics industry professionals, and works closely with state and local governments to ensure nationwide support.
“We are so excited to be a partner again this year for National Water Safety Month,” says Alissa Magrum, Executive Director of the NDPA. “We know that when water safety and drowning prevention organizations work together with a shared vision of increasing water safety awareness and sharing educational resources, we can multiply our impact—saving more lives and preventing more drownings. Drowning impacts people of all ages and occurs in all kinds of water. The good news is that drowning is preventable and when we work together, we can save lives.”
The public awareness campaign provides educational programming, public service announcements, government proclamations, business promotions, and water safety-themed materials designed to help prevent water-related illnesses, injuries, and fatalities.
“PHTA is proud to be part of the National Water Safety Month Coalition and play a role in strengthening the pool, spa, and hot tub industry’s messaging around the importance of water safety,” says Sabeena Hickman, CAE, President & CEO of PHTA. “Together, we can drastically reduce drowning incidents by sharing lifesaving resources with families and communities across the country—not just in May, but all throughout the year.”
Additional efforts include advocating for improved legislation at the federal, state, and local levels and securing national media coverage to inform families of how to stay safe in and around the water, not just during the summer swim season but all year long.
The Coalition provides water safety activities and resources such as:
Water Safety Season Toolkit
The NDPA offers a free and downloadable water safety season toolkit complete with social media posts, video PSAs, shareable blogs, press release templates, printable documents, and many more resources to support parents, caregivers, and aquatic professionals to help advocate for water safety and drowning prevention during May and throughout the summer season.
International Water Safety Day
International Water Safety Day (May 15, 2026) is designed to help spread global awareness about drowning prevention and educate youth about becoming safer in and around water. May 15th is a day to share drowning awareness and water safety education by any means possible.
World’s Largest Swimming Lesson
Celebrating its 17th year of saving lives, the World’s Largest Swimming Lesson™ (WLSL) holds open registration for aquatic facilities interested in being an official Host Location for the global event that takes place on June 25, 2026. Tens of thousands of kids participate to learn basic water safety skills and help build awareness about the fundamental importance of teaching children to swim to prevent drowning.
Longfellow’s WHALE Tales Water Safety for Children
The American Red Cross offers a complimentary curriculum in English and Spanish complete with interactive videos, posters, and lesson plans that will inspire students while learning to recognize risks and understand water safety.
State Proclamations
The Coalition works to secure gubernatorial proclamations to draw attention to this issue at the state level. Annually, 45-50 governors proclaim May as National Water Safety Month to support this important work.
Safe Swimmer Pledge
Anyone can join the movement to reinforce the importance of water safety and become an advocate in the community. For example, the Safe Swimmer Pledge encourages children to practice safe swimming behaviors such as never swimming alone and obeying pool rules.
Step Into Swim Grants
Step Into Swim, the drowning prevention initiative of PHTA, provides funding to swim lesson providers across the country so they can offer free and low-cost swim lessons to families who could otherwise not afford them.
Social Media
The Coalition will share safety tips and resources across its social media channels throughout the month. Follow along on Facebook and join the #watersafetymonth #NWSM2026 conversations on Instagram. Shareable content is also available through NDPA’s Water Safety Season Tool Kit.
May marks the beginning of swim season as beaches, pools, and waterparks begin to open and people spend more time outdoors. The National Water Safety Month Coalition is determined to increase awareness about vital water safety practices to help keep children and families safer around water. Learning to swim and practicing safe behaviors are critical first steps.
Parents, educators, caregivers, and business owners can find detailed information and free resources in support of National Water Safety Month at www.NationalWaterSafetyMonth.org.
About the National Water Safety Month Coalition
National Water Safety Month is made possible by the National Water Safety Month Coalition, led by the American Red Cross, the National Drowning Prevention Alliance, the Pool & Hot Tub Alliance, and the World Waterpark Association. Since 2003, members of the Coalition have worked to raise awareness and promote water safety through educational programs, public service announcements, governmental proclamations, and easy-to-access water safety information and materials. To learn more, visit www.NationalWaterSafetyMonth.org.
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