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The Sutro Baths: A Look Back In Swimming Pool History

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Perched on the shores of San Francisco, the Sutro Baths represented the vision of Adolph Sutro, a self-made millionaire with a passion for natural history and marine studies. Constructed in 1894, the Baths were part of a grand oceanfront complex that aimed to provide an affordable and recreational swimming facility for the people of San Francisco.

Sutro Baths circa 1900 – Photo Credit: Gary Clark / The Cliff House Project

This remarkable architectural feat, encompassing a massive public bathhouse and an ocean pool aquarium, captivated visitors with its engineering marvels and artistic details. However, despite its initial success, the Baths faced numerous challenges and eventually met their demise. Today, the concrete ruins of the Sutro Baths remain as a poignant reminder of a bygone era, offering a glimpse into the city’s rich history and the legacy of Adolph Sutro.

The Vision of The Sutro Baths

Adolph Sutro, a prominent entrepreneur and the mastermind behind Sutro Heights and the second iteration of the Cliff House, had a deep fascination with natural history and marine studies. Driven by his desire to provide a healthy and affordable swimming facility, Sutro embarked on the ambitious project of creating the Sutro Baths. This multifaceted complex aimed to combine recreation, education, and entertainment, bringing together the beauty of the ocean and the allure of cultural exhibits.

Sutro Baths – Lifeguard and swimmers, circa 1910 – Photo Credit: Outsidelands.org

The Grandeur of the Sutro Baths

The Sutro Baths, situated north of the Cliff House, featured a classic Greek portal that led visitors into a magnificent glass enclosure housing seven swimming pools at varying temperatures. With an astounding capacity of accommodating up to 10,000 people at a time, the Baths were a spectacle to behold. Equipped with slides, trapezes, springboards, and a high dive, the facility offered a wide range of aquatic activities, ensuring a memorable experience for visitors of all ages.

Sutro Baths – Archive Footage From The Library of Congress Taken By Thomas Edison

The amenities comprised of a total of seven pools, six of which were saltwater pools and one was a freshwater pool. The dimensions of the baths measured 499.5 feet (152.2 meters) in length and 254.1 feet (77.4 meters) in width, allowing them to hold an impressive capacity of 1.805 million US gallons (6,830 m3) of water. Additionally, the facility boasted a range of recreational features, including seven slides, 30 swinging rings, and a single springboard.

The vast complex boasted 517 private dressing rooms, ensuring comfort and privacy for guests. Additionally, the availability of 40,000 towels for rent catered to the needs of the large crowds that frequented the establishment.

Furthermore, the complex featured a spacious amphitheater capable of accommodating 2700 seats, providing ample space for large-scale events and performances. Additionally, the club rooms within the facility had a generous capacity, allowing up to 1100 individuals to gather and enjoy various activities and social gatherings.

Sutro Baths circa 1960 – Photo Credit: Marilyn Blaisdell

The Baths themselves were housed within an impressive three-peaked glass enclosure, an architectural marvel that created a captivating atmosphere for visitors. Much of the structure was constructed using stained glass, allowing sunlight to filter through and bathe the pools below in a mesmerizing play of rainbow colors. The interplay of light and glass created a truly enchanting ambiance within the Baths, enhancing the overall experience for bathers and onlookers alike.

Beyond Swimming – Recreation and Education

Adolph Sutro’s progressive spirit was reflected in the design and offerings of the Baths. The front entrance welcomed visitors with natural history exhibits, showcasing Sutro’s dedication to providing educational opportunities. The galleries boasted sculptures, paintings, tapestries, and artifacts from Mexico, China, Asia, and the Middle East, capturing the imagination of guests. Popular attractions included the captivating Egyptian mummies and live band concerts, talent shows, and restaurants that added to the vibrant ambiance of the Baths.

Sutro Baths circa 1960 – Photo Credit: Marilyn Blaisdell

The Decline and Demise

Despite its initial success, the Sutro Baths faced several challenges over time. Following Adolph Sutro’s death in 1898, his family continued to manage the Baths, but changing times and circumstances gradually impacted their popularity. The Great Depression, reduced public transportation, and new public health codes all contributed to the declining fortunes of the Baths.

Sutro Baths – circa 1966 – Photo Credit: Suki Hill

In an attempt to revitalize the facility, the owners transformed it into an ice-skating rink. However, these efforts were in vain as the Baths never regained their former glory. Eventually, in 1964, developers with plans to replace the Baths with high-rise apartments acquired the site, leading to the gradual demolition of the structure. The final blow came in 1966 when a devastating fire consumed what remained of the once-majestic Baths.

Sutro Baths burns down – June 26, 1966 from Richmond SF Blog on Vimeo.

In 1980, the National Park Service stepped in and made a crucial decision to purchase the beach and the ruins of the Baths. This acquisition marked a pivotal moment, ensuring the preservation of the site’s historical significance for generations to come.

The National Park Service’s acquisition of the beach and the remains of the Baths opened the door to a new chapter in the site’s history. It allowed for the recognition of the cultural and architectural importance of the Sutro Baths, transforming the area into a cherished part of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area.

The Legacy

While the Sutro Baths may have faded into history, their legacy lives on through the concrete ruins that stand today. The site serves as a poignant reminder of Adolph Sutro’s grand vision and the era of opulence and entertainment that once characterized the Baths. Visitors can explore the remnants of this architectural marvel, imagining the vibrant scenes of bygone days and appreciating the historical significance of the site.

Sutro Bath Ruins – Photo Credit: Gregory Varnum

The concrete ruins of the Sutro Baths, nestled just north of the Cliff House, serve as a testament to the grandeur and ambition of the past. Visitors can wander through the remnants, marveling at the massive structures that once housed bustling swimming pools and educational exhibits. The echoes of laughter and the splashing of water seem to resonate within the walls, offering a glimpse into the vibrant atmosphere that once permeated the Baths.

Today, the Sutro Baths site remains an integral part of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area, attracting locals and tourists alike. It serves as a destination for history enthusiasts, architecture aficionados, and nature lovers who seek to immerse themselves in the rich tapestry of San Francisco’s past.

The significance of the Sutro Baths extends beyond its physical presence. It symbolizes a period of progress and innovation in San Francisco’s history, where Adolph Sutro’s visionary spirit sought to provide accessible leisure and cultural enrichment for the community. The Baths embodied the ideals of public recreation and education, uniting nature, art, and entertainment in a singular location.

While the Sutro Baths may no longer stand in their complete form, their legacy lives on through photographs, historical records, and the memories of those who were fortunate enough to experience their grandeur. The site continues to inspire artists, writers, and filmmakers, who often draw upon its haunting beauty and dramatic history as a source of inspiration.

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Editor in Chief of Pool Magazine - Joe Trusty is also CEO of PoolMarketing.com, the leading digital agency for the pool industry. An internet entrepreneur, software developer, author, and marketing professional with a long history in the pool industry. Joe oversees the writing and creative staff at Pool Magazine. To contact Joe Trusty email [email protected] or call (916) 467-9118 during normal business hours. For submissions, please send your message to [email protected]

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Pool Maintenance

NJ Municipal Workers Accused of Stealing Pool Chemicals For Their Own Business

Four New Jersey municipal workers are accused of stealing pool chemicals and overbilling for certifications.

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NJ Municipal Workers Accused of Stealing Pool Chemicals For Their Own Business

In a case that’s sending shockwaves through both municipal government and the pool service world, four employees from the Secaucus Recreation Department are facing serious charges for allegedly stealing thousands of dollars in pool chemicals from a public facility to support their private pool maintenance operation.

Four Accused of Stealing Pool Chemicals For Their Own Pool Service Business

According to Secaucus police, the group—comprised of John T. Schwartz, 61; Joseph Ferrara, 27; Frank N. Flanagan, 32; and Megan R. Wofsy-Flanagan, 31—used their town positions to boost their side business, Crystal Clear Pool and Spa Management, at the expense of local taxpayers.

Authorities allege that the four were routinely stealing pool chemicals from the Secaucus Swim Center during and after their scheduled shifts. The materials, intended to maintain public pools, were instead redirected to private customer accounts across Hudson, Bergen, Morris, and Somerset counties. In many cases, Crystal Clear billed its clients for the stolen chemicals, turning a profit while drawing down town inventory. Investigators also revealed that town-owned vehicles were sometimes used to make service calls, further blurring the line between public duty and private enterprise.

But the alleged scheme didn’t stop at chemical theft.

Four municipal workers are accused of stealing thousands of dollars in pool chemicals and double-billing for lifeguard certification fees.
Four municipal workers are accused of stealing thousands of dollars in pool chemicals and double-billing for lifeguard certification fees.

Accusations of Double Billing For Certification Fees

Crystal Clear also operated lifeguard certification courses—a business that overlapped with the employees’ municipal duties. As part of their town roles, some of the suspects were responsible for certifying lifeguards at the Secaucus Swim Center. Investigators allege that Crystal Clear charged trainees a fee for the classes while simultaneously billing the town for the same certifications. Instructors, who were already on the town payroll, were sometimes double-dipping—getting paid by the town while Crystal collected course fees from the participants.

Adding to the concerns, the certification classes were often held inside the Secaucus Recreation Center, but Crystal Clear reportedly never paid for use of the facility. Police say most of the lifeguard classes were led by Megan Wofsy-Flanagan, who also happened to serve as the town’s head lifeguard.

Each of the four suspects held key roles in the department: Schwartz was the manager of recreation facilities; Flanagan oversaw special events and pool maintenance; Ferrara worked as the assistant manager of the town pool; and Wofsy-Flanagan led lifeguard operations. Their intertwined municipal and business responsibilities gave them access—and, allegedly, a cover—for what investigators describe as a wide-ranging scheme to misuse town resources.

Investigators Were Tipped Off

The investigation began back in March when a concerned resident tipped off police about irregularities in supply usage at the town pool. A series of search warrants—served Tuesday at the Secaucus Recreation Center and the Flanagans’ home—led to the arrests of all four individuals.

Each has been charged with theft, conspiracy to commit theft, and theft of services.

In a public statement, Town Administrator Gary Jeffas said, “The Town of Secaucus is very disheartened by the alleged actions of the employees who have been charged. That being said, we have taken swift action and can ensure the public that any violation of their trust by a town employee, or anyone else, will not be tolerated.”

As of press time, attorneys for Schwartz and the Flanagans were not listed in court records. All four individuals are expected to face legal proceedings in the coming weeks.

The case has drawn attention not just for the dollar amount involved, but for how easily the lines between public service and private enterprise can become blurred when oversight falls short. With municipal and private pool operations often relying on the same skilled personnel, the story raises real questions about internal controls, access to materials, and the responsibilities that come with dual roles

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Aqua Leisure Recreation Rebrands as Helio Outdoors

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hello-outdoors-aqua-leisure-rebrand
  • Leading South Boston-based manufacturer and marketer of pool floats, marine towable rafts, snowshoes, and swimming pool parts evolves to meet growing consumer interest in outdoor recreation. 
  • 55-year history of manufacturing excellence paired with new brand-centric leadership team provides platform for new product innovation, wider product assortment. 
  • Legacy of retail channel strength, prolific new product development and global sourcing sophistication provides platform for growth.

STOUGHTON, Mass., June 18, 2025 — The company formerly known as Aqua Leisure Recreation announces it has rebranded as Helio Outdoors (HelioOutdoors.com). Founded in 1970 in Stoughton, Mass., Helio Outdoors is a collection of category leading brands in the outdoor recreation space, including Aqua®, Airhead®, Inyo Pools™, Purleine™ and Yukon Charlies®. The rebrand provides clarity of purpose as a house of brands serving a growing outdoor recreation category estimated at $109 billion in the U.S. in 2024.1

With a product portfolio spanning pool floats, water toys, swim gear, marine towables, snow shoes and pool parts, Helio Outdoors products are sold at mass merchandise retailers such as Walmart® and Target®, as well as sporting good retailers like Dick’s®, Academy Sports & Outdoors®, and others. Additionally, Helio brands products can be purchased directly online at Amazon® as well as its own direct-to-consumer websites.

“This is an incredible opportunity for us to reorganize in a manner that provides clarity to our retail partners and to the consumers choosing our products,” said Carmen Evola, chief executive officer at Helio Outdoors. “The Aqua Leisure moniker served us well for more than half a century, but as we introduce more rigor to product innovation and brand building, we found it prudent to define more clearly who we are as a house of brands. Helio Outdoors is the perfect identity for a platform of companies with a shared purpose to empower people to and get outside to enjoy Outdoor for Life™.”

The U.S. outdoor recreation products sector is estimated to grow at a 6.95% CAGR, adding more than $70 billion in sales between 2024 – 2031.2

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1 U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, 2024
2 U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis

About Helio Outdoors (FKA: Aqua Leisure Recreation, LLC): 
Founded in 1970, Helio Outdoors is a leading marketer and manufacturer of consumer goods products serving the outdoor recreation category under owned brands Aqua®, Airhead®, Inyo Pools™, Pureline™ and Yukon Charlies®. Privately held and headquartered in Stoughton, Mass., with regional offices in Denver and Orlando, Helio Outdoors stands on pillars of quality, accessibility, and adventure, to provide quality products for athletes, water lovers, adventure seekers, children learning to swim, and everyone looking to enjoy the outdoors. For more information, visit HelioOutdoors.com.

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Latham Pools: Driving Innovation as They Approach a Platinum Milestone

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As Latham Pools prepares to celebrate its 70th anniversary next year, the company shows no signs of slowing down. On the contrary, CEO Scott Rajeski says the company is leaning harder than ever into what made them a leader in the first place — innovation, execution, and an unwavering focus on the customer experience.

Reflecting after connecting at this year’s Pool & Spa Show in Atlantic City, Rajeski observed a noticeable resurgence of energy in the pool sector. “The excitement, the enthusiasm at the show — it was probably one of the better shows in many years,” he shared. “Traffic was great, attendance was up, and, you know, a lot of buzz back in the industry, which is great for all of us.”

Meeting the Moment: The Rise of Plunge Pools

One of Latham’s most talked-about recent developments is their expanded plunge pool collection — a timely response to changing consumer demands as lot sizes continue to shrink across North America.

“The response has been phenomenal,” Rajeski said. “People are using their pool in the backyard as an entertainment feature these days. You know, the Milan has really resonated, and we’ve just launched the vinyl liner package pool Calypso series in four configurations. Starting with a very simple pool, but then one that becomes more and more feature-rich over time, with benches and ledges that are in there.”

Latham Plunge Pools - Calypso Series
Latham Plunge Pools – Calypso Series

Latham’s plunge pools are designed not just for smaller spaces, but for faster, easier installation — a major advantage in today’s tight labor market. Their new Calypso series was recognized at the International Pool | Spa | Patio Expo for its innovation in installation time, energy efficiency, and ease of maintenance.

“It’s a very simple design. It’s a really easy install for a pool builder,” Rajeski explained. “More importantly, it’s a much faster install, so the consumer’s able to get into their backyard and get into their pool and enjoy it much quicker.”

Turning Challenges Into Opportunities

Amid recent reports of widespread issues with concrete pool deterioration — sometimes called “concrete cancer” (ASR) — Latham sees an opportunity to educate consumers about alternatives like fiberglass.

“It’s unfortunate for all the homeowners who bought one of those pools and are experiencing going through these issues and concerns,” Rajeski said. But the shift in consumer awareness aligns perfectly with Latham’s long-standing messaging.

“We’ve been trying to market the benefits of fiberglass against concrete pools. I do think this gives us another opening in terms of educating consumers, builders about fiberglass — the opportunity, whether it’s the faster install, the low-cost maintenance… you’re getting a shell built in one of our factories, delivering it right to the backyard, setting that vessel in the ground, and the homeowner never has to worry about anything again.”

Timing has worked in Latham’s favor. Their “Sand State Strategy” — a focused and concerted effort to expand its market penetration launched just as headlines about concrete pool issues became more prominent.

“We’re advertising and marketing all of the benefits of fiberglass pools — the ownership, the faster install, the customization, the cost benefits versus a concrete pool. We’ll continue to drive the awareness of fiberglass ownership.”

Leading the Digital Revolution in Pool Buying

Latham’s innovation isn’t limited to product design — it extends into technology platforms designed to transform the pool-buying experience.

Tools like the Latham Pool Visualizer, which allows consumers to see how a pool would look in their backyard via augmented reality, were born out of real-world frustrations.

“You’re out there spray painting your backyard, moving templates around, trying to get a feel of what it’s going to look like,” Rajeski recalled. “I remember I said, you know, imagine if you could come up with a tool — just like in Christmas Vacation with Clark Griswold when he imagines the pool in his backyard and he can visually see what it’s going to look like.”

Visualizers not only enhances the consumer experience but also accelerate the sales cycle, said Rajeski. “It was all about enabling the pool buying decision for the homeowner, but also generating a lead direct to the dealer to hook the consumer and build their opportunity to close the sale.”

Latham’s tech ecosystem also includes Measure by Latham Pools — an AI-powered device that uses LIDAR and HD cameras to create precise measurements for safety covers and vinyl liners in minutes.

“It all started with a conversation about the disruption caused by measuring a liner in the backyard… very time-consuming, completely manual, and lots of opportunities for mistakes,” Rajeski explained.

Instead of requiring a two- or three-week process with multiple site visits, Measure by Latham Pools can map a pool with one technician in under 30 minutes. “It designs and quotes the liner or cover immediately and sends that quote right back where you can hit the button, create the purchase order, and send all of that design and cut sheets right back to our manufacturing facilities to produce that liner.”

It’s a major efficiency boost for both dealers and homeowners. “Now they’re measuring four or five times more liners in a particular day… It’s a huge profitability play for the builder.”

Importantly, the system’s built-in AI continuously improves with use. “The more measurements we collect, the smarter the device gets — cutting that design time down, hopefully eventually to 10 or 15 minutes.”

Strengthening the Connection Between Consumers and Builders

In tandem with its visualizer and measuring technology, Latham developed the My Latham platform — an all-in-one system that keeps consumers organized and engaged throughout the pool planning process.

“What we’re trying to be is the salesperson out there connecting the person who’s interested in a pool to the pool builder who can install it for that homeowner,” Rajeski said. “We nurture them through that entire buying process… then make that connection of a hot sales lead to one of our best builders in that area or zip code.”

Everything — from educating homeowners about fiberglass vs. concrete, to offering AR visualization, financing options, and finding a local builder — is streamlined through My Latham, making it easier than ever to turn dreams into backyard realities.

The Road Ahead: Innovation at Full Speed

As Latham looks ahead to its Platinum Anniversary in 2026, innovation remains at the heart of its vision for the future.

“We’ve talked a lot about launching many new, innovative models and pools that will resonate in specific geographies,” Rajeski revealed. “Smaller pools with built-in spas and ledges — just beautiful designs that will fit in those smaller backyards.”

Beyond new designs, Latham is also focused on upgrading manufacturing capabilities to produce models faster. “Cycle time, speed to market, the ability to produce more models for builders faster — that’s where we’re headed.”

Rajeski credits the company’s success to its people: “It’s having extremely bright and talented individuals in the organization — from marketing, to engineering, to the hourly folks making the pools in the factory, to the truck driver delivering that pool right to the backyard.”

At the end of the day, he said, it’s about helping families create lifelong memories. “Everyone dreams of having that swimming pool, celebrating life’s memories and moments… it’s not every day you get to wake up, come to work, do something that makes people’s dreams come true.”

As Latham nears its 70th year, that mission remains stronger — and more innovative — than ever.

Ready to take a deeper dive?

Listen to our entire conversation with Latham CEO Scott Rajeski on the Pool Magazine Podcast.

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